The dysfunction of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells participates in the development of diseases such as osteoporosis and other conditions associated with aging. This study reveals that treatment of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells with astragalus polysaccharide, an anti-aging herb in traditional Chinese medicine, can help to remarkably inhibit apoptosis, senescence, and the reduction of mesenchymal stem cells caused by ferric ammonium citrate-induced iron overload.